There are over 600 recognized First Nations governments or bands with distinctive cultures, languages, art, and music. 7.7% of the population under the age of 14 are of Indigenous descent. Aboriginal Right to Self-Government provides opportunity to manage historical, cultural, political, health care and economic control aspects within first people's communities.Īs of the 2016 census, Indigenous peoples in Canada totalled 1,673,785 people, or 4.9% of the national population, with 977,230 First Nations people, 587,545 Métis, and 65,025 Inuit.
Various laws, treaties, and legislation have been enacted between European immigrants and First Nations across Canada. The Inuit had more limited interaction with European settlers during that early period. Métis of mixed ancestry originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations and Inuit people married European fur traders, primarily the French. The characteristics of Indigenous culture in Canada included permanent settlements, agriculture, civic and ceremonial architecture, complex societal hierarchies, and trading networks. Projectile point tools, spears, pottery, bangles, chisels and scrapers mark archaeological sites, thus distinguishing cultural periods, traditions, and lithic reduction styles. The Paleo-Indian Clovis, Plano and Pre-Dorset cultures pre-date the current Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are some of the earliest known sites of human habitation in Canada.
"Aboriginal" as a collective noun is a specific term of art used in some legal documents, including the Constitution Act, 1982, though in some circles that word is also falling into disfavour. Although "Indian" is a term still commonly used in legal documents, the descriptors "Indian" and " Eskimo" have fallen into disuse in Canada, and most consider them to be pejorative. They comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis. Indigenous peoples in Canada (also known as Aboriginals) are the indigenous peoples within the boundaries of Canada.
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